The body lay naked, only wrapped in a white sheet; large pieces of ice had been placed near it, to keep it fresh as long as possible. His conversations and various shared undertakings throughout the 1790s with Schiller, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Johann Gottfried Herder, Alexander von Humboldt, Wilhelm von Humboldt, and August and Friedrich Schlegel have come to be collectively termed Weimar Classicism. Johann Wolfgang Goethe nabyl revolucionářem, ale věděl, že z rozkladu feudalismu a z nástupu měšťanské třídy ,vzniká nový svět. [25] During that time he also developed a deep emotional bond with the Polish pianist Maria Agata Szymanowska.[26]. His other compositions inspired by Goethe include the overture Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage (Op. The conductor was Franz Liszt, who chose the date 28 August in honour of Goethe, who was born on 28 August 1749. He was opposed to the church ceremony that was, at the time, the only way of being legally married, so, although she bore Goethe a son, August, in 1789, he didn’t marry her until the Napoleonic army sacked the city in which they lived. Goethe obtained a copy of the biography of a noble highwayman from the German Peasants' War. Every creature is its own reason to be. Frederick drew aside the sheet, and I was astonished at the divine magnificence of the limbs. What set Goethe's book apart from other such novels was its expression of unbridled longing for a joy beyond possibility, its sense of defiant rebellion against authority, and of principal importance, its total subjectivity: qualities that trailblazed the Romantic movement. Like Heinrich Heine, Nietzsche mentions in his writings frequently Goethe and Spinoza as a pair. Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832) Narodil se v měšťanské rodině ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem, studoval práva. In 1919, the world premiere complete production of Faust was staged at the Goetheanum. Though he had studied law in Leipzig and had been appointed Imperial Councillor, he was not involved in the city's official affairs. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. You will always find it more powerful and barbarous on the lowest levels of civilization. The author W. Daniel Wilson [de] claims that Goethe engaged in negotiating the forced sale of vagabonds, criminals, and political dissidents as part of these activities.[22]. Steiner elaborated on that in the books The Theory of Knowledge Implicit in Goethe's World-Conception[52] and Goethe's World View,[53] in which he characterizes intuition as the instrument by which one grasps Goethe's biological archetype—The Typus. A perfect man lay in great beauty before me; and the rapture the sight caused me made me forget for a moment that the immortal spirit had left such an abode. 2. edition. as Memoirs of Goethe, 1824), recalls his upbringing as a chaotic experience, but it may have been the most stimulating possible nourishment for his synthesizing mind. [8], Goethe also became acquainted with Frankfurt actors. The short epistolary novel, Die Leiden des jungen Werthers, or The Sorrows of Young Werther, published in 1774, recounts an unhappy romantic infatuation that ends in suicide. His last words, according to his doctor Carl Vogel, were, Mehr Licht! He writes about this period: I had from childhood the singular habit of always learning by heart the beginnings of books, and the divisions of a work, first of the five books of Moses, and then of the 'Aeneid' and Ovid's 'Metamorphoses'. She was emotionally distraught at the time, but they were eventually reconciled.[21]. Goethe, aside from official duties, was also a friend and confidant to the Duke, and participated fully in the activities of the court. By 1820, Goethe was on amiable terms with Kaspar Maria von Sternberg. Der Großvater Goethes, Friedrich Georg Göthé, stammte aus Thüringen. If I tire of her as a girl, she'll play the boy for me as well". August and Ottilie had three children: Walther, Freiherr von Goethe (1818–1885), Wolfgang, Freiherr von Goethe [de] (1820–1883) and Alma von Goethe [de] (1827–1844). His father, Johann Caspar Goethe (1710–82), the son of a wealthy tailor-turned-innkeeper, was a man of leisure who lived on his inherited fortune and devoted himself, after studying law in Leipzig and Strasbourg and touring Italy, France, and the Low Countries, to collecting books and paintings and to the education of his children. Truth and poetry: from my own life", "A meeting of genius: Beethoven and Goethe, July 1812", "The Emergence of the Idea of Evolution in the Time of Goethe", "The Experiment as Mediator between Subject and Object", "The Theory of Knowledge Implicit in Goethe's World Conception", the only Latin book he had ever seen me reading, "The literary estate of Goethe in the Goethe and Schiller Archives", "Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius", "Goethe and the Science of the Enlightenment", Works by or about Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Works by and about Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in University Library JCS Frankfurt am Main: Digital Collections Judaica, Free scores of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's texts, Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe&oldid=995706691, 18th-century German dramatists and playwrights, 19th-century German dramatists and playwrights, Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Members of the Zentrale Dombauverein zu Köln von 1842, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2017, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Botanist identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 13:28. George Henry Lewes celebrated Goethe's revolutionary understanding of the organism. "[93] The two discussed politics, the writings of Voltaire, and Goethe's Sorrows of Young Werther, which Napoleon had read seven times and ranked among his favorites. [41] In 1790, he published his Metamorphosis of Plants. Er war Schneider von Beruf und arbeitete mehrere Jahre in Frankreich. Gliederung Wusstet ihr schon? Berühmt ist auch Goethes Farbenlehre. His works include: four novels; epic and lyric poetry; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; and treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? "[107][108] Goethe's Naturanschauer is in many ways a sequel to Diderot's interprète de la nature. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s father, Johann Caspar Goethe (1710–82), was a man of leisure who lived on an inherited fortune. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Der Zauberlehrling - … Already at this time, Goethe wrote a good deal, but he threw away nearly all of these works, except for the comedy Die Mitschuldigen. Jeho otec /císařský rada/ se velmi svědomitě staral o výchovu a vzdělání svého syna. The Federal Republic of Germany's cultural institution, the Goethe-Institut is named after him, and promotes the study of German abroad and fosters knowledge about Germany by providing information on its culture, society and politics. In Alsace, Goethe blossomed. Das „von“ erhält er, als er 1782 geadelt wird. Operele sale au rămas la fel de pătrunzătoare ca în tinereţe, dovedind un real talent şi o minte care refuza să îmbătrânească. 8. His writings were immediately influential in literary and artistic circles. This collaborative friendship lasted until Schiller's death in 1805. Goethe's father, a lawyer, prioritized his son's education, enabling him to engage in many literary and cultural pursuits. "[27], Mendelssohn was invited to meet Goethe on several later occasions,[28] and set a number of Goethe's poems to music. [51] In the Kurschner edition of Goethe's works, the science editor, Rudolf Steiner, presents Goethe's approach to science as phenomenological. The Serbian inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla was heavily influenced by Goethe's Faust, his favorite poem, and had actually memorized the entire text. Goethes Vater studierte in Leipzig Recht. [9] Among early literary attempts, he was infatuated with Gretchen, who would later reappear in his Faust and the adventures with whom he would concisely describe in Dichtung und Wahrheit. In late 1792, Goethe took part in the Battle of Valmy against revolutionary France, assisting Duke Karl August of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach during the failed invasion of France. Winckelmann had not recognized the distinctness of the two styles. At this time, Goethe was acquainted with the court of Darmstadt, where his inventiveness was praised. Goethe thus went to live in Weimar, where he remained for the rest of his life and where, over the course of many years, he held a succession of offices, becoming the Duke's friend and chief adviser. Goethe was educated with his sister at home by tutors until he was 16. These include Hippocrates' "Art is long, life is short", which is echoed in Goethe's Faust and Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship. Goethe's original draft of a Faust play, which probably dates from 1773–74, and is now known as the Urfaust, was also published after his death.[36]. Goethe noted in his diary: "Fires, rapine, a frightful night... Preservation of the house through steadfastness and luck." Mit dem Erbe konnte sich Goethes Vater, Johann Caspar Goethe, bereits im Alter von 32 Jahren zur Ruhe setzen und seinen Interessen nachgehen. )[18], In 1775, Goethe was invited, on the strength of his fame as the author of The Sorrows of Young Werther, to the court of Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, who would become Grand Duke in 1815. In 1806, Goethe was living in Weimar with his mistress Christiane Vulpius, the sister of Christian A. Vulpius, and their son Julius August Walther [de]. [78] August Wilhelm Schlegel considered Goethe "a heathen who converted to Islam. During his first meeting with Napoleon in 1808, the latter famously remarked: "Vous êtes un homme (You are a man)! Born in Frankfurt, Germany, on August 28, 1749, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was tutored extensively in languages as a child. [94][96] Goethe always spoke of Napoleon with the greatest respect, confessing that "nothing higher and more pleasing could have happened to me in all my life" than to have met Napoleon in person. [7] All their children, with the exception of Johann Wolfgang and his sister, Cornelia Friederica Christiana, who was born in 1750, died at early ages. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), der größte deutsche Dichter und Denker, war ein Universalgenie. "[63], Born into a Lutheran family, Goethe's early faith was shaken by news of such events as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the Seven Years' War. [32][citation needed], Goethe was fascinated by Kalidasa's Abhijñānaśākuntalam, which was one of the first works of Sanskrit literature that became known in Europe, after being translated from English to German.[33]. His later spiritual perspective incorporated elements of pantheism (heavily influenced by Spinoza's thought),[64][66][75] humanism, and various elements of Western esotericism, as seen most vividly in part 2 of Faust. 12, p. 121; trans. He also journeyed to Sicily during this time, and wrote intriguingly that "To have seen Italy without having seen Sicily is to not have seen Italy at all, for Sicily is the clue to everything." Er bemühte sich um eine Position im Frankfurter Rathaus; doch er wurde abgelehnt. Although Goethe's great passion was drawing, he quickly became interested in literature; Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock and Homer were among his early favorites. His father had very definite ideas about his education and intended that Goethe should follow the pattern he himself had pursued as a young man: studying law, gaining experience at the Reichskammergericht (the supreme court of the Holy Roman Empire) in Wetzlar, and eventually rounding off his worldly culture with a grand tour to Italy, after which he could marry and settle down, perhaps rising, as his father had not been able to do, to a position of responsibility in the city administration. In old age, he explained why this was so to Eckermann: How could I write songs of hatred when I felt no hate? Learn how Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's failed love affairs inspired his works. [15] Several of his poems, like "Willkommen und Abschied", "Sesenheimer Lieder" and "Heidenröslein", originate from this time. On 13 October, Napoleon's army invaded the town. 3. Entitled Götz von Berlichingen, the work went directly to the heart of Goethe's contemporaries. ), but this is disputed as Vogel was not in the room at the moment Goethe died. Homology, or as Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire called it "analogie", was used by Charles Darwin as strong evidence of common descent and of laws of variation. The outer shape of the work's plot is widely taken over from what Goethe experienced during his Wetzlar time with Charlotte Buff (1753–1828)[16] and her fiancé, Johann Christian Kestner (1741–1800),[16] as well as from the suicide of the author's friend Karl Wilhelm Jerusalem (1747–1772); in it, Goethe made a desperate passion of what was in reality a hearty and relaxed friendship. He had a lively devotion to theater as well and was greatly fascinated by puppet shows that were annually arranged in his home; this is a recurrent theme in his literary work Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship. In many respects, he was the originator of many ideas which later became widespread. “Goethe's Criticisms, Reflections, and Maxims” 55 Copy quote. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe se narodil v dobře situované a vážené rodině ve Frankfurtu n. M. Studoval v Lipsku a Strasbourgu, kde se potkal s J. G. Hezdrem, filozofem, spisovatelem, literárním vědcem, s nímž stál u zrodu hnutí Sturm und Drang (Bouře a vzdor). (82 évesen) Weimar: Sírhely: Weimarer Fürstengruft: Nemzetiség: német: Szülei: Johann Caspar Goethe és Catharina Elisabeth Textor: Házastársa : Christiane Vulpius: Gyermekei: August von Goethe: P In it, he contentiously characterized colour as arising from the dynamic interplay of light and darkness through the mediation of a turbid medium. Goethe's comments and observations form the basis of several biographical works, notably Johann Peter Eckermann's Conversations with Goethe (1836). Every day I observe more and more the folly of judging of others by ourselves; and I have so much trouble with myself, and my own heart is in such constant agitation, that I am well content to let others pursue their own course, if they only allow me the same privilege. Schopenhauer cited Goethe's novel Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship as one of the four greatest novels ever written, along with Tristram Shandy, La Nouvelle Héloïse and Don Quixote. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was one of the rare giants of world literature. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Goethe’s mother, Catharina Elisabeth Textor (1731–1808), was one of the daughters of Frankfurt’s most senior official and was a lively woman closer in age to her son than to her husband. [58][59] His own descriptions of his relationship to the Christian faith and even to the Church varied widely and have been interpreted even more widely, so that while Goethe's secretary Eckermann portrayed him as enthusiastic about Christianity, Jesus, Martin Luther, and the Protestant Reformation, even calling Christianity the "ultimate religion,"[60] on one occasion Goethe described himself as "not anti-Christian, nor un-Christian, but most decidedly non-Christian,"[61] and in his Venetian Epigram 66, Goethe listed the symbol of the cross among the four things that he most disliked. But it was not to last long. Faust became the ur-myth of many figures in the 19th century. In the decades which immediately followed its publication in 1816, Italian Journey inspired countless German youths to follow Goethe's example. Johann Wolfgang Goethe wurde am 28. The remaining year is largely undocumented, aside from the fact that he spent much of it in Venice. 1685 zog er nach Frankfurt am Main und unterhielt hier eine florierende Schneiderei. The Faust tragedy/drama, often called Das Drama der Deutschen (the drama of the Germans), written in two parts published decades apart, would stand as his most characteristic and famous artistic creation. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, (born August 28, 1749, Frankfurt am Main [Germany]—died March 22, 1832, Weimar, Saxe-Weimar), German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, critic, and amateur artist, considered the greatest German literary figure of the modern era. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. trans. Another emotional factor in the poet’s childhood that may have affected his later development was a love-hate relationship with a younger brother, who died in 1759 at age six: Goethe’s later relationships with literary contemporaries were ambiguous, though he nonetheless described them as “brothers,” and he was repelled by literary and artistic representations of death. (In later years Goethe would bypass this problem by periodically authorizing "new, revised" editions of his Complete Works. While in Southern Italy and Sicily, Goethe encountered, for the first time genuine Greek (as opposed to Roman) architecture, and was quite startled by its relative simplicity. 'Goethe: The Man and His Character'. Suicide is considered sinful by Christian doctrine: suicides were denied Christian burial with the bodies often mistreated and dishonoured in various ways; in corollary, the deceased's property and possessions were often confiscated by the Church. Liszt and Mahler both created symphonies in whole or in large part inspired by this seminal work, which would give the 19th century one of its most paradigmatic figures: Doctor Faustus. Dieses Vermögen ermöglichte auch seinem Sohn ein Leben ohne finanzielle Schwierigkeiten. Viewed from within, no part of the animal is a useless or arbitrary product of the formative impulse (as so often thought). The mighty brow seemed yet to harbour thoughts. Christiane von Goethe died in 1816. He said he "turned reality into poetry but his friends thought poetry should be turned into reality and the poem imitated." Freddie Ireland; 2 Life. 1749 ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem v rodině zámožného advokáta. It was while reciting a certain verse that he was struck with the epiphany that would lead to the idea of the rotating magnetic field and ultimately, alternating current. The phrase Goethe uses is "Mischmasch von Irrtum und Gewalt", in his "Zahme Xenien" IX. Return to Weimar and the French Revolution (1788–94), https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wolfgang-von-Goethe, Poetry Foundation - Biography of Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The University of Adelaide - Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, AllMusic - Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Academy of American Poets - Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Theatre Database - Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). His Faust, though eminently stageworthy when suitably edited, is also Europe’s greatest long poem since John Milton’s Paradise Lost, if not since Dante’s The Divine Comedy. Goethe, like Shakespeare and Dante, is among the few writers who define the Western tradition. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is perhaps best known for The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), the first novel of the Sturm und Drang movement, and for Faust (Part I, 1808; Part II, 1832), a play about a man who sells his soul to the Devil that is sometimes considered Germany’s greatest contribution to world literature. Goethe was also a cultural force. [83] Goethe sympathized with the American Revolution and later wrote a poem in which he declared "America, you're better off than our continent, the old. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German writer and statesman. phil. : Bernhardt, Rüdiger: Erläuterungen zu Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Die Leiden des jungen Werther Prof. Dr. sc.
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